Glossary
I/O
Bi-directional Input and Output (I/O) ports couple the microcontroller to external devices. This interface can operate in parallel or serial form and is usually digital logic
IAFIS
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (FBI)
IAS
Identification Authentication Signature
IBG
International Biometrics Group
IC
Integrated Circuit. An electronic circuit, processing information. Also refered to as a chip.
IC Card
Integrated Circuit Card. Integrated circuit card. Same as Chip card
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICC
Integrated Circuit Card. Chip embedded into the surface of a plastic card, IC card/smart card.
ICE
Information and Content Exchange (W3C protocol) OR
Interactive Connectivity Establishment (network protocol)
ICMA
International Card Manufacturers Association Suite.
A smart card industry trade association. For more information, go to www.icma.com.
ICT
Information and Communications Technologies OR
International Conference on Telecommunications
ID Card
Identification Card. Card which identifies both the bearer and the issuer. All financial transaction cards are ID cards.
IDEA
International Data Encryption Algorithm.
Identification
Process of validating cardholder's identity.
IDMS
Integrated Database Management System
IDRBT
Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission.
An international standards body based in Geneva, Switzerland
IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force) A body responsible for recommending protocols and procedures to be used on the Internet. The IETF and the W3C are the main standards organizations for the Internet. See also IPsec.
IFD
(interface device)
Another name for a smart card reader.
IFM
Interface Manager
IIM
Indian Institute of Management
IIN
Issuer Identification Number. Card issuer ID number controlled internationally and defined by ISO/IEC7812
IKE
Internet Key Exchange
Implementer MULTOS
OS implementer, who develops the ROM mask for the MULTOS.
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identitfier. Number used only within the GSM network.
INCITS
INternational Committee for Information Technology Standards
INCM
Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda
Indicators & Warnings (I & W):
I & W refers to how an event or series of events can provide enough information to classify it as an incident
Information Assurance (IA):
Information Operations that protect and defend information and information systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and non-repudiation. This includes providing for restoration of information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities. (DODD S-3600.1 of 9 Dec 96).
Information Operations (IO):
Actions taken to affect adversary information and information systems while defending one's own information and information systems. (DODD S-3600.1 of 9 Dec 96).
Information Pane
The pane in the Smartcard Console that contains a brief description of the category or icon just clicked, as well as instructions for beginning the task associated with that category or icon.
Information Security:
The result of any system of policies and/or procedures for identifying, controlling, and protecting from unauthorized disclosure, information whose protection is authorized by executive order or statute.
Initial bit
The first bit of a string of bits presented to an input device. The device will group the series into blocks of, say, 8 bits to make a byte string. It is important to specify if the initial bit is the highest or lowest bit in its byte.
Initialization
Loading independent application data into the smart card chip.
Inlet
Plastic body in which a module and an antenna are inserted, and which is further processed into a contactless card.
INS
The second field of an ISO 7816-4 smart card command, which contains the instruction to be executed by the smart card.
Integrity:
Assuring information will not be accidentally or maliciously altered or destroyed.
Intelligent Memory Card
A memory card that contains some additional features—typically security features—which limit access to the memory
Interchange
The exchange of transaction data between acquirers and issuers.
Interface Device
Interface Device. Smart card interface device. Usually smart card terminal or reader/writer to exchange data transmissions with smart card
Internet
A global collection of interconnected networks, used for the purpose of communication
Internet Worm:
A worm program (see: Worm) that was unleashed on the Internet in 1988. It was written by Robert T. Morris as an experiment that got out of hand.
Interoperability
The ability of products manufactured by different companies to operate correctly with one another.
Intranet
A private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the wide area network. Typically, an intranet includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet. The main purpose of an intranet is to share company information and computing resources among employees. An intranet can also be used to facilitate working in groups and teleconferences.
Intrusion Detection:
Pertaining to techniques which attempt to detect intrusion into a computer or network by observation of actions, security logs, or audit data. Detection of break-ins or attempts either manually or via software expert systems that operate on logs or other information available on the network
Intrusion:
Any set of actions that attempt to compromise the integrity, confidentiality or availability of a resource.
Inverse Convention
A communication convention wherein signal-positive is to be interpreted as 0 and signal-zero is to be interpreted as 1; this is the inverse of the usual translation of these states into binary digits.
IP
Information Provider.
IP
Internet Protocol.
IP address
A unique number assigned by an Internet authority that identifies a computer on the Internet. The number consists of four groups of numbers between 0 and 255, separated by periods (dots). For example, 172.16.6.129 is an IP address.
IPR
Intellectual Property Rights.
IPsec
(IP Security) A body of the IETF that is developing a secure standard for the Internet Proctocol
ISAM
Intelligent Services Access Manager OR
Indexed Sequential Access Method
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. A wide area network defined by a number of ITU standards. Connection is made in two ways, basic and primary rate.
ISO
International Standards Organization. An international industry's standards-setting body.
ISO 14443 (A and B)
Set of standards covering contactless smart cards (proximity cards) communicating at 13.56 MHz. The A (Philips-Mifare) and B (STMicroelectronics Innovatron) versions correspond to differences in the protocol and anti-collision system types (see above) used in those cards. The possibility to standardise a C version (FeliCa from Sony) was ruled out in early 2002.
ISO 7816 - 1 to 10
Set of standards describing the features of contact smart cards. The first standards established back in 1987, cover the card's physical features. The others, which have also been revised, cover electric signals, transmission protocols (2 and 3), APDU message structure (4), application ID definition (5), intersectorial data (6), data base language control (7), safe intersectorial data (8 and 9), and electric signals and replies to synchronous card resetting (10).
ISO/IEC
* ISO/IEC 7816-1:1998 Physical Characteristics of IC cards.
* ISO/IEC 7816-2:1999 Position of Module and Contacts on IC cards.
* ISO/IEC 7816-3:1997 Exchange protocol with IC cards (i.e., communication between readers and cards).
* ISO/IEC 7816-4:1995 Command set for microprocessor cards.
* ISO/IEC 7816-5:1994 Numbering system and registration procedure for application identifiers.
* ISO/IEC 7816-6:1996 Inter-industry data elements.
* ISO/IEC 7816-7:1999 Inter-industry commands for Structured Card Query Language (SCQL).
* ISO/IEC DIS 7816-8 Security related inter-industry commands.
* ISO/IEC DIS 7816-9 Additional inter-industry commands and security attributes.
* ISO/IEC DIS 7816-10 Electronic signals and answer to reset for synchronous cards.
* ISO 14443 Proximity cards (contactless).
ISO/IEC 10181-3
The ISO standard for access control
ISO/IEC 10202
The ISO standard for the architecture of the systems that utilize financial transaction cards.
ISO/IEC 10373
The ISO standard for testing smart cards.
ISO/IEC 10536
The basic ISO standard for contactless smart cards.
ISO/IEC 4909
The ISO standard for magnetic card format for electronic banking data. Some smart cards have magnetic strips on them and others support magnetic stripe communication protocols
ISO/IEC 7810
The ISO standard for the physical characteristics of an identification card.
ISO/IEC 7811
ISO/IEC 7811. The ISO standard for identification card recording techniques.
ISO/IEC 7812
The ISO standard encoding for identifying issuers of financial smart cards.
ISO/IEC 7813
The ISO standard that defines the specifics of financial transaction identification cards
ISO/IEC 8583
The ISO standard for financial transaction messages.
ISO/IEC 9992
The ISO standard that describes the method of communication between card and reader for financial transaction cards.
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17
The ISO standing committee responsible for smart card standards. For more information, go to www.iso.ch/meme/JTC1SC17.html.
ISP
Internet Service Provider.
Issuer
The organization or institution identified on the ID card issued to individual or corporate cardholder.
IST
Information Society Technologies
ITSEC
Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria/Certification. Evaluation and certification of security informaation technical systems in Europe.
ITSO
Integrated Transport Smart card Organisation. ITSO is a member organisation founded to help deliver smart card systems in public transport in the UK.