Glossary
False Negative:
Occurs when an actual intrusive action has occurred but the system allows it to pass as non-intrusive behavior.
False Positive:
Occurs when the system classifies an action as anomalous (a possible intrusion) when it is a legitimate action.
FAR
False Accuracy Rate
FAST
Free and Secure Trade
Fault Tolerance:
The ability of a system or component to continue normal operation despite the presence of hardware or software faults.
FINO
Financial Information Network & Operations
FIPS
Federal Information Processing Standard. American standards issued by NIST
FIPS 140-1
A U.S. federal standard titled “Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules” that concerns physical security of smart cards when used as cryptographic devices. For more information, go to http://csrc.ncsl. nist.gov/fips/fips140-1.txt.
Firewall
Systems implemented in some smart cards to provide tight separation between various applications, or to prevent some applications (possibly uploaded) from accessing unauthorised data or parts of the code in the card's memory.
Firewire
A communication protocol proposed by Apple and standardized as IEEE 1394; similar to USB. Data rate up to 400 Mbps
Firmware
Low-level software that is similar to hardware features. This software operates by exchanging commands directly with an external device or with a specific software loaded in the product.
Flash Memory
A non-volatile memory device that can be reprogrammed more quickly than EEPROM. See Non-Volatile, FRAM.
Float
Amount of money held in an electronic purse tied up in the payment process.
Floor limit
Maximum amount of money for a card transaction above which an authorization is required.
FRAM
Ferroelectric memory.
A type of nonvolatile memory based on electric field orientation with nearly an infinite write capability as opposed to normal EEPROM memory, which can only be written approximately 10,000 times.
FSA
Financial Services Agency
FSCUG
Federal smart card users group.
A U.S. government smart card users group which promulgates standards and specifications for the use of smart cards in government data-processing functions.
FSP
Financial Service Provider.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol.
FV
Finger Vein