Glossary
e-Cash
Digital money, typically in the form of downloadable "digital coins" that can be stored in a bank account, on a PC or on a smart card.
E-cash Card
A stored-value smart card that contains money in digital form in one or more national currencies such as kroner, francs, yen, marks, or dollars. When you spend money from the card, the host application decrements a currency value and when you add more money to the card, the host application increments a currency value. Don’t try this at home.
E-HR
Electronic Health Record
E-purse
electronic purse. A function on a chip card which allows monetary value to be stored
E-tailing
Electronic retail
EAC
(External Authentication Cryptogram) Signature computed by an external entity (typically a terminal / host for a smart card).
EAP-SIM
Extensible Authentification Protocol-Subscriber Identity Module. A smartcard-like authentification method enabling a user of Wi-Fi network to utilize the existing GSM roaming infrastructure. The credentials embedded in SIM card are used to mutual authentification of the user and the network.
EBT
Electronic Bank Transfer.
EC
European Commission
ECC
Error Corrective Code. Detect and correct errors in data.
ECC
Elliptic Curve Cryptography. Alternative for RSA.
ECML
Electronic Commerce Modelling Language. A universal format for wallets and merchant websites
eCommerce
Electronic commerce. Transactions which are conducted over an electronic network where the purchaser and merchant are not at the same physical location
EDGE
(Enhanced Data GSM Environment) A high-speed (up to 384 Kbps) 2.5G wireless telecommunications technology. Edge offers higher exchange rates than GSM, but lower rates than UMTS. See GPRS
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange. Electronic, standardised and safe company document exchange system (order forms, invoices, etc.).
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Onl Memory. Modifiable part of smart card memory where application data and applets can be stored or electronically erased and rewritten.
EF
Elementary file.
An elementary file is part of the smart card file system that contains application data. See also DF (dedicated file), MF (master file).
EFT
Electronic Funds Transfer EFT - Electronic Funds Transfer is an electronic transfer that does not involve the exchanging of hard currency
Electrical Personalization
Modifies the information in the card's chip.
Electronic Attack (EA):
That division of EW involving the use of electromagnetic, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability. EA includes actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming and electromagnetic deception and employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism (lasers, radio frequency, particle beams).
Electronic Protection (EP):
That division of EW involving actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy employment of EW that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.
Electronic Purse
e-Purse. Smart card stored value program. An application in a card that electronically stores cash (value). The value is reduced as payment is made.
Electronic Signature
A handwritten signature in capturing a person's intent related to the document or data that has been signed. Digital form signature using encryption systems. It should be associated with the signer only, allow to identify him or her, be created with resources controlled exclusively by the signer, and be linked with the data the contents of which it validates, so any change to the latter can be detected. It provides transaction authentication, data integrity and non-denial.
Electronic Wallet
e-Wallet. Usually refers to an integrated circuit card capable of executing different financial transactions and identification functions.
Electronic Warfare (EW):
Any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. The three major subdivisions within electronic warfare are electronic attack, electronic protection, and electronic warfare support.
Electronic Warfare Support (ES):
That division of EW involving actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition. Thus, electronic warfare support provides information required for immediate decisions involving EW operations and other tactical actions such as threat avoidance, targeting and homing. ES data can be used to produce signals intelligence. (JP 1-02).
Elliptic curves
ECC. Public key encryption system based on mathematical difficulties (discrete logarithm problems) different from those at the heart of the RSA (prime number factorisation). The system offers the whole range of conventional encryption functions (authentication signature, non denial, data integrity and ciphering to ensure data confidentiality), and has an advantage over the conventional RSA for smart card applications : it requires less memory capacity (4 times less than the RSA) and less calculation resources (no need for an encryption processor).
Embedding
Process of placing the chip module in the cavity of a plastic card. The embedded module is electrically tested and encoded.
Embossing
Characters and or logos printed in relief on the front surface of a plastic card. Part of the physical personalization process. Relief printing technique used on plastic cards (including bank cards).
EML
an e-money licence
emulator
A computer program plus special hardware that enables a program developer to run a smart card program on the actual smart card chip but still be able to control and analyze the execution of the program. An emulator, for example, typically allows the developer to single-step the smart card processor and examine the smart card processor’s registers and memory.
EMV
Europay Mastercard Visa. These three organizations have agreed to deveop Global specifications for describing the physical, electrical, logical features of interoperable payment smart cards.
EN 726
A standard for smart cards and terminals for telecommunication use. The standard is the technical basis for smart cards in Europe
EN 742
A standard for the contacts for cards and devices used in Europe. New editions specify the format used for the GSM subscriber identity module (SIM).
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP):
A mechanism to provide confidentiality and integrity protection to IP datagrams.
Encoding
Recording electronic information on to a magnetic stripe or smart card chip.
Encryption
The use of cryptographic algorithms to encode electronic information to make it intelligible to unauthorized parties. Set of techniques, protocols and algorithms (cryptosystems) using secrets (keys, codes, biometry characters, certificates) to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of a document, the non denial of a transaction and/or authentication of a person during a transaction.
EP or E-purse
Electronic purse.
A smart card that stores small amounts of currency, usually less than $1,000. Some electronic purses can be reloaded; some cannot and are discarded when empty.
EPOS
EPOS Electronic Point Of Sale.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Random Access Memory.
ERP
Electronic Road Pricing
ESCAT
European Smart Card Application and Technology.
A smart card convention held annually at the beginning of September.
ESD
Electronic Software Distribution
Ethernet Sniffing:
This is listening with software to the Ethernet interface for packets that interest the user. When the software sees a packet that fits certain criteria, it logs it to a file. The most common criteria for an interesting packet is one that contains words like login or password.
ETM's
Electronic Ticket Machines
ETS
European Telecommunications Standard.
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards Institute. Based in France, the formation of ETSI card standards is with reference to ISO standards.
ETSI MSS
ETSI mobile signature standards
Extranet
A private network that uses the Internet protocols and the public telecommunications system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside the company.